Metal-working machine.



PATENTED JUNE 20, I905. J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

12 SHEET8BHEET l.

PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905. J. HARTNBSS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1908.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Invenibr -6 PATENTBD JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

w M4 m PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27.1903.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905. J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905. J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE. APPLICATIONFILED JULY 27,1903.

12 sums-sum PA'TENTED JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

12 SHEETS-SHEET a.

N a NQ PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

12 SHEETSSHEET 9 3 g Q Q 5 n 1...... .0 t %m No; 792,591. PATENTED JUNE20, 1905. J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MAGHINB.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 27,1903.

No. 792,591. PATEN'I'ED JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNBSS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

12 SHEETS-SHEET 11 APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903- wiinasses: #W M; .XW;

PATENTED JUNE 20, 1905.

J. HARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 27,1903,

12 SHEETS-SHEET 12.

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UNTTED STATES 1 atented June 20, 1905.

PATENT ErcE.

I METAL-WORKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 792,591 1, dated June20, 1905.

Application filed July 27.1903. Serial No. 167,068.

To rtZJ/ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES HARTNESS, of Springfield, in the county ofWVindsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Metal-VVorking Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention has relation to metal-working machinery, and while it ismore particularly applicable to that class of machines in which the workis rotated relatively to the tool, yet it is well adapted for otherclasses of metal-working machinery.

The object of the invention is to provide, first, a head havingpower-transmitting mechanism for effecting a differential rotation ofthe spindle from a constantly-rotated powershaft, with controlling meanswhereby the speed of rotation of the spindle may be graded from arelatively low speed to a relatively.

high speed, and vice versa.

Other objects of the invention are to provide for the power-transmittinggearing being all inclosed in the casing or head, which is preferablypan-shaped, with a removable cover; to provide for a transverse movementof the head and spindle relatively to the bed upon which it issupported; to provide automatic stopping mechanism for the head; toprovide a single controller for the various positive or auxiliaryclutches forming a part of the power-transmitting mechanism for thespindle; to provide for the simplification of the controlling mechanismand the powertransmittinguieclianism, and to provide certain otherimprovements, as will be hereinafter set forth in detail, and pointedout in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents in sideelevation the head end of a metal-working lathe, preferably of the typein which a turret carries the tools to operate upon the work. In thisfigure shaft 122 is broken off and pulley 123 is omit-ted. Fig. 1 showsin side elevation a lathe enibodying the invention. Fig. 1" represents aplan view of the same. Fig. 2 represents an end elevation, of the headof the machine. Fig. 3 represents a partial section transversely throughthe bed from front to rear. Fig. 4:

represents a plan view of a portion of the head end of the bed with thehead removed. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent in detail the stoppingmechanism for controlling the transverse movement of the head. Fig. 9represents the gearing for actuating the feedingscrew for the head, saidgearing being detached. Fig. 10 is a partial section through the machinefrom front to rear and represents the mechanism for controlling the wormby which power is imparted to the feed-screw for the head. Fig. 11represents a front elevation of the gearing shown in Fig. 9. Figs. 12and 13 illustrate the movable double worm for the feed-screw for thehead. Fig. 14: represents in plan view the head end of the machine, withthe top of the head removed to show the power-transmitting mechanismcontained therein. Fig. 15 represents a section through the head end ofthe machine. Fig. 16 represents a horizontal section through the head ina plane coincident with the axis of the spindle. Fig. 17 represents anenlarged longitudinal section of the controller for one of thefriction-clutches, which may be termed the reversing-gears in the head.Fig. 18 represents an enlarged section on the same plane as that onwhich Fig. 16 is taken and illustrates the single controller for thedifferential ratchet mechanism. Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate thecontroller in different positions. Fig. 21 represents a view of thecontroller detached and looking at its under side or face. Figs. 22 and23 illustrate the operation of the controller. Fig. 24: represents aperspective view of the end of the powershaft. Fig. 25 represents themember in said shaft which controls the clutch-pin. Fig. 26 representsthe end of the shaft and the rod or member in their operative relation.Fig. 27 is a section on the line 27 27 of Fig. 16. Fig. 28 represents asimilar section through two of the gears or ratchet-clutches. Fig. 29represents one of the ratchet-clutches in perspective view. Fig. 30represents a section through one of said clutches. 'Figs. 31 and 32represent the two members of one of the ratchet-clutches. Figs. 33 and34: represent the ratchet-clutch on the back gear. Fig. 35 represents asection on the line 35 35 of Fig.

14. Fig. 36 represents a section on the line 36 36 of Fig. 14.

It will be understood that the present invention may be embodied in aturret-lathe such as set forth in Letters Patent No. 15 7,967, grantedto me August 18, 1891, in which there is a carriage 10, movablelongitudinally on the bed, a feedrod 70 for effecting the movement ofthe carriage, a turret 4L1 on the carriage, automatic stops (notillustrated) for the carriage, and other features forming a part of thelathe.

T/m fim/(L 'fhe lathe-bed is indicated at and has the usual ways orshears 12 for the turret-carriage. At the head end it is provided withforwardly and rearwardly extending portions 51 52, which are providedwith parallel ways, guides, or shears 54: at a right angle to the waysfor the turret-carriage. These guides or shears extend from front torear transversely of the bed to receive a movable head which containsthe spindle and the power-transmitting mechanism therefor. Said headcomprises a panshaped casing and a top or cover This pan-shaped head isrelatively shallow and is adapted for the reception of a quantity oflubricant in which the lower portions of the inclosed bearings andtrains of gearing may be immersed to insure a thorough lubricationthereof when in operation. The top or cover prevents the escape of thelubricant and is readily removed to admit of a conveni ent inspection ofthe gearing while running and the adjustment and repair of the partswhen at rest. The casing 55 is provided at its bottom with gibs 58 fortaking under the ways or shears 53 54, some of the gibs being providedwith adjusting-screws .(Zm0)'/i// n/ecluii/nz'sni. The head is providedwith a downwardly-projecting portion which forms a nut 60 (see Figs. 3and 4) for operative engagement with the threads of a feed-screw 61,arranged transversely of the bed between the guides or shears. Thisfeedscrew, as shown in Fig. at, is journaled at one end in a bracket 62on the bed and at its other end in a bracket 63, projecting forwardlyand upwardly from the front of the bed. The forwardly-projecting end ofthe feed-screw is equipped with a wheel 64, having handles or spokes bywhich it may be rotated manually to feed the head transversely of thebed in a horizontal direction. In addition to the handwheel there arealso power appliances for effecting the rotation of the feed-screw.These appliances comprise a worm-wheel 65, fast upon the feed-screw 61,a double worm 66 on an inclined shaft 67, having a spiral gear 68intermeshing with and driven by a complemental gear 69 on a shaft 70,arranged longitudinally of the machine and journaled in a bearing 71 onthe front of the bed 52, near the lower end thereof. This shaft 70 isutilized as the feed-shaft for the tool-carriage and extends along thebed, as shown in Fig. 1 and as described in Patent No. 457,967.

Referring now to the double worm, (shown in Figs. 9 to 13, inclusive) itwill be observed that it is keyed upon the shaft 67 so as to slidethereon, its ends being held between the arms of a yoke 72. livoted tothe yoke there is a latch 73, having notches 74L 75, adapted to beengaged with one of the upright walls forming the inner end of theextension 51, which is slotted for this purpose. This wall forconvenience is numbered 76. By lifting the latch, which is provided witha handle 77 for this purpose, the yoke 72 may be moved longitudinally ofthe shaft 67 to engage either end of the double worm with the worm-wlmel65. The threads on the opposite ends of the worm are relatively rightandleft, so that the worm may be shifted to one position or the other inorder to feed the head either forward or backward, as desired. The lowerend of the shaft 67 is rotatively mounted in a knob 78, journaled on thebearing 71, so that the shaft 67 is adapted to oscillate about the axisof the knob to permit the worm to be moved into and out of engagementwith the wormwheel.

Journaled in the :front of the extension 51 of the bed is a stud-shaft79, having ahandle 80. This stud-shaft is provided with an cecentric 81,so that when the shaft is rocked the yoke, which rests upon theeccentric, may be moved toward and from the feed-screw (51 and theworm-wheel thereon. Thehandle 80 of the shaft 79, which serves to raiseand lower the yoke and the double worm, and the handle 77 of the latch73 are exposed in the front of the lathe, so that they may be easilymanipulated by the operator, as shown in Fig. 3.

len/macho stop for the /2/mz(Z.For the pu r-' pose of automaticallystopping the movement of the head in either direction there are aplurality of adjustable stop-bars, (indicated at 82 82, see Figs. 1 to8.) These stop-bars are arranged side by side in a trough or groove inthe top of the bed, and they extend from the front to the rear of thebed beneath the head. Between the several stop bars are placed thinstrips of spacers 83. The bars may be all clamped together in the grooveor trough 84 by a set-screw 85, a pin 86, (shown in dotted lines in Fig.st and having a beveled end,) and a complcmental pin 87, having abeveled end arranged at right angles to the pin 86, with its endprojecting into the trough, so as to bear against the adjacent spacer83. Each of the stop-bars 82 is provided with a recess 88 in its topedge or surface, the walls 89 90 of said recess being beveled toconstitute a stop for coaction with a stop on the head. These severalstop-bars may be adjusted longitudinally, and there are as many of themas maybe desired, six being illustrated in different relative positions.

The stop on the head consists of a double pawl 91, arranged yieldinglyupon a shaft 92, journaled in the end walls of the head, so as to extendin lines parallel to the spindle. This shaft 92 is provided with ahandle 93, (see Figs. 3 and 5,) and it is adapted to bemovedlongitudinally of its axis and transversely of the stop-bars 82.The bottom wall of the head is socketed for the reception of the pawl,which is pinned to the shaft 92 by a pin 94. (See Fig. 8.) This pinbears against a spring 95, held in place in the end of the pawl by ascrew 96. The diametrically opposite pin 97 is seated against thetension of a spring 98 in a socket in the pawl. The aperture 99 in thepawl, through which the shaft 92 passes, is in the form of an elongatedslot, so as to permit a limited movement of the pawl transversely of thesaid shaft against the tension of the spring 95 or spring 98.

The walls of the recess 100 in the bottom wall of the head are such thatwhen the pawl is rocked to the position shown in Figs. 7 and S, forinstance, or to that shown in Fig. 6 they form an abutment for thenon-acting end of the pawl. The shaft 92 is located above the stop-bars82, so that by rocking it either end of the pawl may be caused to dropinto one of the notches in the stop-bar, this being accomplishedmanually in the illustrated embodiment of the invention. The feed-shaftis frictionally driven, as will be explained, so that as soon as thepawl engages one of the inclined walls (or shoulders, as they may betermed) 89 90 on one of the stop-bars the head will be positively heldagainst movement as soon as the inactive end of the pawl comes intoengagement with one of the walls in the recess 100, or the operator mayby oscillating the handle drop the double worm to an inactive positionas soon as he observes that the pawl has engaged the shoulder upon thestop-bar. By moving the shaft 92 longitudinally the double pawl may bebrought into the vertical plane of any one of the six stop-bars.Consequently the operation may effect the stopping of the head in eitherdirection in any predetermined position thatmay be desired. Anyconvenient form of multiple stop may be used in lieu of that shown. Bythus providingfor the lateral or transverse movement of the head thework may be shifted with relation to the turning or other tool which isoperating upon the work. This is of advantage in many kinds of work andobviates the necessity of mounting a cross-slide upon the turret to theexclusion of other tools which it may be desired to use, since suchcross-slides require a considerable amount of space upon the turret. Themovable head likewise enables the work to be fed against a cutting-offtool or against a general shaping or face tool when their use isnecessary, and which may be mounted stationarily upon the turret or uponsome part of the bed.

Feed-shaft and friction-gearing therefm".-Tl16 feed-shaft 70, from whichpower is transmitted to the feed-screw for the head, is drivenfrictionally, being providedwith oppositely-beveled friction-disks 101102, which are engaged with complemental driving-disks 103 104:, mountedupon a shaft 105, journaled in a yoke 106. This yoke is in turnjournaled upon a shaft 182, which projects from the head, as will beexplained. The shaft 182 is equipped with a spiral gear 107,intermeshing with and driving a complemental gear 108 on a shaft 109,journaled in bearings on the yoke 106, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Thesaid shaft 109 carries at its lower end a spiral gear 110, intermeshingwith and driving a complemental gear 111 on the shaft 105.

The yoke 106 may be swung about its fulcrum to move the drivingfriction-wheels 103 10 1 toward the axis of the shaft or away therefromto cause engagement or disengagement of the disks 103 10 1 and disks 101102. To this end there is secured upon a stud-shaft 112, arranged in therear of the yoke, a cam 113, engaging with a complemental cam 11% on thelower end of the yoke 106. Secured to the earn 113 or to the shaft 112there is a lever 115, by which the shaft may be rocked and the camoscillated to move the yoke 106, as will be readily understood. Byreason of this construction and arrangement of parts the arm or lever113 will remain in whatever position to which it is adjusted. Thismechanism provides a convenient means for frictionally driving thefeed-shaft for the toolcarriage and the screw-shaft for the head.

The spindle.Referring now to Fig. 16, the spindle and thejournal-bearings therefor will be described. WVithin the casing of thehead are secured uprights or supports 120 121, which serve to supportthe journal-boxes for the various shafts and for the spindle, which arearranged in the head.

The main driving-shaft is indicated at 122, and it projects at its endbeyond the head for the reception of a belt-wheel 123, by which it maybe rotated in one direction and at a constant speed. This shaft isjournaled in boxes 124 124:, which are driven into the supports 120 121,and it is held against longitudinal movement by collars 125, rigidlysecured thereto and bearing against said boxes. Each box tapersoutwardly and is formed with ashoulder to bear against theinner face ofthe web or support 120 121, as the case may be. As the boxes for all ofthe various shafts are similar to the one described a detaileddescription will not be given of any of the others.

The spindle is indicated at 126. It consists of a hollow shaft having asmooth unshouldered periphery or exterior surface. In this respect it isessentially different from any of the spindles which have beenheretofore used in metal-working machines. On its inner end it isequipped with a chuck 127.

IIC

The spindle is held against movement by the following devices: Securedto the spindle by two screw-pins 128 128 is the common hub of two gears129 and 180. On one side of the gear 129 is a flange or web 131, whichis cast with the casing or head, and between the said liange and the endof the hub of the wheel are two loose washers 132 133. On the oppositeside of the gear 130 are two similar loose washers 13 1 and 135, andbearing upon the washer 135 are two set-screws 136 136, passed throughears or lugs 137, east integrally with the head. By adjusting thesescrews 136 136 the gears 129 130 may be clamped against axial movementand by reason of their pinned connection with the spindle hold saidspindle against movement longitudinally of its axis. By the simpleexpedient of witlulrawving the screw-pins 128 128 the spindle may beremoved as an entirety from the head by drawing upon the chuck end ofit. At each end the spindle is mounted in boxes 138 138, which areexteriorly tapered and are set in the supports 120 121 in taperingapertures provided for their reception. Between the boxes and the shaftare placed bushings 139 110. To hold the boxes in place, strong helicals 'irings 1111 encircle the exterior cylindrical ends thereof and bearz'rgail'ist sluinilders on the bushings and also against the inner wallof the head. Each box or bearing is formed with a cavity 112 for thereception of lubricant and also for the reception of a loose ring 1413,which assists in carrying the lubricant to the'various parts of thebearing.

[)lif/iv'wni/(l/ gin/ow m lteferring to Figs. 1st to 36, inclusive, themechanism for effecting a differential rotation of the spindle from thedriving-shaft will now be described. It may be here explained that theobject of this gearing is to provide for rotating the spindle at any oneof a large number of speeds and for reversing it without varying thespeed or direction of rotation of the driving-shaft. This gearing is soconstructed that the spindle may be driven from the lowest speed to thehighest speed by a series of steps, as it were, each increase in speedbeing twentylive per cent. over the previous speed. The speed variationis effected by clutch mechanisms, the finer gradations of speed beingsecured by positive ratchet-clutches with devices which insure theiroperation in proper sequence and the greater or coarser gradations beingsecured by main clutches. The entire range of the liner gradations inspeed or the difference between the lowest speed and the highest speedsecured by the ratchet-clutches is about equal to the range ordifference in speed secured by the main clutches. In this way thelov-speed main clutch may be operated while the ratchet-clutches areoperated from relatively low speed to relatively high speed, and then bythrowing in the high-speed main clutch the ratchet-clutches may be againoperated in sequence from relatively low to relatively high, with theresult that the munber of fine gradations in speed are equal to thenumber of ratchet-clutches multiplied by the number of main clutches. Inaddition to this mechanism there is back gearing inclnding a back-gearclutch which can be operated coincidently with the ratchet-clutches forsecuring gradations of speed still lower than those secured by the useof the main clutches. There is likewise employed a reversing-gearingwith a reversing-clutch, so that without changing the direction ofrotation of the prime power-shaft the spindle may be driven in a reversedirection. This reverse-clutch may be operated in conjunction with theratehet-clutches for effecting a dilierential speed. The spindle isprovided with gears 129 130, as previously described, to which power isimparted by trains of gearing, as will be explained, for the purpose ofdriving the spindle in one direction or the other, these trains ofgearing being interposed between the power-shaft 122 and the spindle.There are interposed between these two elements to wit, the 1)ower-shaft and the spindle four shafts, which may be termed thesecondary power-shaft, the back-gear shaft, an intermediate shaft, and areverseshaft. The power-shaft, the secondary power-shaft, and theintermediate shaft all have their axes located in the same horizontalplane as the spindle, this plane being coincident with the plane ofdivision between the bottom portion of the casing or head and the coverthereof,

shown in Figs. 15 and 16.

Rafa/mi (ifllfli/l/ wmc/m/iismr Tlle prime power-shaft 122 has pinned toit three gears 14st 1 15 1 16, which intermesb, respectively, with gears117 M8 149, all loosely mounted upon the secondary power-shaft 150.There are likewise loose upon the power-shaft 122 the following gears151, 152, and. 153, respectively intermeshing with the gears 154: 155156, all of which a re pinned to the shaft 150. The pairs ofintermeshing gears 116 and 1 19, 1 15 and 1 18, 1&4 and let? are inincreasing ratios, as are the pairsof intermeshing gears 151 and 15 1,153 and 156, and 152 and Consequently, as will be explained, the shaft150 may be d rivcn at any one of six speeds relatively to the shaft 122,the ratios of the pairs of coacting gears being such that each increasein speed of the shaft 150 is twenty-live per cent. over the precedingspeed. The gears 14:4, 145, and 1 16 all rotate in unison with the shaft122, and therefore the gears 1 17, 1&8, and 119 are constantly inrotation loosely upon the shaft 150. Additional clutches are interposedbetween the last-1nentioned three gears andv the shaft 150, and similarclutches are interposed between the loose gears 151 152 153 and theshaft 122, these clutches providing for the liner gradation of speed ofthe spindle.

Each of the fast gears on each of the two shafts 122 carries a loosepawl 160, which is adapted to be thrust inward by a spring 1611, asshown in Fig. 30. This pawl is placed in a socket formed in a disk-likemember carried by the gear and rests loosely upon a pin 161, arrangedradially of the gear and passing through an aperture in the shaft. Thetwo shafts are hollow for the reception of rotatable members or rods 162163, against which the ends of the pins 161 bear.

Each of the loose gears 151, 152, and 153 on the shaft 122 and the gears147, 148, and 149 on the shaft 50 is keyed to a sleeve or bushing 16 1,loose upon its respective shaft. This sleeve or bushing in each case isformed on its end with ratchet-teeth 165 and fits into a socket withinthe disk-like hub of the next adjacent gear, so that the ratchet-teetharein a potential relation to the pawl 160, carried by said gear.

On the two shafts the fast and loose gears are mounted in pairs the fastgear 1 11, for instance, carrying a pawl adapted to engage the ratchetof the gear 151, the gear 1415 carrying a pawl for the ratchet-gear 152,and the gear 146 carrying a pawl for the ratchet of gear 153. Thearrangement of the gears on the shaft 150 is similar to that justdescribed, there being upon each shaft three pairs of gears having pawlsand ratchets arranged in potential relation. This pawl -andratchetmechanism forms in each case a positive ratchet-clutch by which theloose gear may be positively keyed to the fastgear.

The pins 161 control the operation of the various pawls 160, mechanismbeing provided by which these pins are moved into and out of active orinactive position, as the case may be, said mechanism being such thatonly one pin is active at a time and the pins are actuated in propersequence.

The rotative members or rods 162 163 are held against longitudinalmovement by setscrews 166, formed in an extension on theinner end of thecasing or head, said set-screws being locked in place by additionalset-screws 167, arranged at right angles thereto. Each rod 162 or 163 isprovided with three recesses or sockets 168, into which the pin 161 maydrop when permitted. These sockets are out of line with each other andmay be formed by simply flattening the rod 162 163 or forming a shortgroove in the periphery thereof. The rod may be rotated as in the caseof the rod 162, (shown in Fig. 16,) so that all of the pins 161 willbear against the rounded periphery of the rod and be held in an inactiveposition; but each rod may be rotated so as to bring a socket 168 underone of the pins 161, as shown in the case of the rod 163 at the left endthereof, where the pin 161, carried by the gear 154:, is shown asdropped into a socket, so as to permit the pawl to engage the teeth ofthe ratchet of the gear 1 17. Consequently the shaft 150 may by properlyrotatively adjusting the rods 162 and 163 be driven at any one of sixspeeds from the shaft 122. A controller is provided for eifecting therelative rotation of these rods and is so constructed that theclutchpins 161 are permitted to drop into active position in apredetermined order, beginning with the coacting gears having the lowestratio and ending with that pair of gears having the greatest ratio-towit, those indicated at 153 and 156-whereby the shaft 150 is drivengradually from its lowest to its highest speed, the increment ofincrease being twenty-five per cent. over the preceding rate of speed.The controller for the rods 162 163 is best shown in Figs. 18 to 26,inclusive. Each of the rods 162 163 is formed with a finger 170, adaptedto be engaged by an abutment 171. These two abutments constitute stopshinged to a carrier 172. This carrier is secured to an upright shaft173, journaled in the extension 171 of the head or casing, and isequipped on its end with a handle 175, by which it may be depressed androtated.

The carrier is held yieldingly upward by a spring 176, as shown in Figs.3 and 19. The two stops 171 171 may be brought alternately into the pathof the lingers 17 O of the rods 162 163. (See Fig. 18.) The sockets orflattened places 168 of each of the rods 162 163 are quartered withrelation to each other, so that in order to render the pins 161 activein succession it is necessary to give each shaft at the proper time aquarter of a rotation. Therefore when the carrier 172 is depressed, soas to bring a stop 171 into the path of a finger 170, the stop holds thefinger and the rod against rotation so long as the carrier is depressed.Consequently mechanism must be provided for throwing the stop to aninoperative position as soon as the rotation of the rod has beenretarded a predetermined length of time, so as to effect a relativerotation of the rod and its shaft ninety degrees, one hundred and eightydegrees, or two hundred and seventy degrees.

It should be remembered that the rods are simply frictionally mountedwithin the shafts 122 and 150 and normally rotate with them, unlessretarded to effect their relative rotation. Each shaft is thereforeprovided with a series of cams 177 177 177 177, arranged at an angle ofninety degrees relatively to each other, as shown in Figs. 19 and 20 and2 1 and 26. For coaction with these cams separately each of the stops171 has a cam 178, and the carrier 172 may be rotated to bring a cam 178into the vertical plane of any one of the cams 177 177", &c.

It will be observed that the two cams 178 on the stops 171 are in linewith each other, so that when the carrier 17 2 is rotated in onedirection one of the cams 178 rides up on the box 124:, the cam on theother stop being thereby moved to active position with relation to thecams on the shaft 150, and that when the carrier is rotated in the otherdirection the other cam 178 rides on the box 125, which thereby servesto lift it to an inactive position with relation to the cams and thefinger on the rod 163. It will be further observed that by graduallyrotating the carrier 172 with a step-by-step movement first in adirection opposite the movement of the hands of a watch in Fig. 18 andthen in the opposite direction, or with the movement of the hands of awatch, the cam 178 on one stop is brought into alinement with the cams177, 177, 177", and 177 on the rod 162, and then the cam 178 on theother stop is brought suc cessively into alinement with the cams on therod 163. As each stop, when the carrier is depressed and rotated toproper position, comes into line with the finger 170 it checks therotation of the rod 162 or 163, as the case may be, and holds it untilone of the cams 177, 177 177", or 177 engages the cam 178 on the saidstop and throws it upward, so as to release the linger from the saidstop and permit the finger and the rod to again rotate with the shaft.

in Fig. 20, at the right-hand side, the linger 170 is shown as retardedby the stop 171. Now when the proper cameomes around--as, for instance,earn 177 in Fig. 23*it engages the cam 178 and lifts it and the stop, soas to permit the linger to rotate.- Therefore by properly depressing andmanipulating the controller (comprising the carrier and stops and camscarried thereby, the shaft 173, and the handle 175) the rods 162 163 maybe retarded to cause the coaction of the several pairs of gears by theirrespective clutches in proper order to drive the shaft 150 at sixdifferent speeds in succession, and by oppositely manipulating thecontroller the speed of rotation of the shaft 150 may be decreased stepby step until it is driven at its lowest speed or its rotation isstopped, as when all of the clutchpins are in inactive position. Inorder to start the gearing, however, it is necessary that the clutch-pin161, carried by the gear 156, should be dropped to an inactive position,so

to clutch the gear 1 19 with the shaft 150.

.T/zc wart/Ia CZ'NZC/lfjhfl ildll shaft 150 carries in addition to thegears hereinbefore referred to another gear 180, which is pinnedthereto. This gear intermeshes with a large gear 181, which is looseupon the intermediate shaft 182. This last-mentioned shaft 182 is theone which carries the spiral gear 107, intermeshing with and driving thegear 108, hereinbefore re- 'ferred to. Said shaft carries in addition tothe loose gear 181. a gear 183, intermeshing with and driven by the gear156. Each of the two gears 181 and 183 is provided with afrietion-surface on the interior of its rim, whereby it may be engagedfrictionally by a double clutch 18a, pinned to the shaft and adapted toslide thereon. The difference in speed of retation of the spindleeffected by clutching the gears 181 183 to the shaft is relatively greator equal to the range or difference in speed of the whole set of ratchetor auxiliary clutches.

Passing tl'u'ough the hub of the clutch 184, so as to lie parallel tothe axis thereof, are pins 185, which bear against hubs of the gears 181183 to hold them against movement relatively to each other,said gearsbeing held against outward movement by a flange 186 on the shaft and bya collar 187, pinned thereto.

The clutch 181 may be moved in one direction or the other to connect theshaft to the two gears alternately by a rod 188, passed into the shaft,which is hollow for this purpose.

The mechanism by means of which the rod 188 is moved will besubsequently described, it being sufficient at the present time to statethat it is effected by means of a lever 189, as shown in Fig. 3, anddevices interposed between said lever and said rod. By moving the leverin one direction the gear 181 is clutched to the shaft, and by moving itin the opposite direction the gear 183 is clutched to the shaft.Therefore inasmuch as the gear 156 and the gear 180 are both fast uponthe shaft 150 it is apparent that any one of the six speeds at which theshaft 150 is driven may be multiplied by two in transmission to theshaft 182, so that said shaft may be driven at any one of twelvedifferent speeds from the two gears 156 and 180, according to the position of the main double clutch 18 Rea-e1awe-gram); g. *The shaft 182 hasmounted loosely upon it a gear 190, which intermeshes with the gear 129on the spindle. These two gears are utilized for rotating the spindle inthe usual direction; but for the purpose of reversing the rotation ofthe spindle the following train of gearing is utilized: Loose upon theshaft 182 is a gear 191, which intermeshes with a reversing-gear 192,keyed upon the reverse-shaft 193, mounted in boxes in the guides oruprights 120 121. (See Figs. 3and 1 1.) This gear 192 also intermesheswith the gear 130 on the spindle. The two gears 190 191 havefriction-surfaces on the interior of their rims adapted to bealternately engaged by complemental friction-surfaces on a double clutch194, pinned to the shaft 182 by a pin 195 passing through a slot in thesaid shaft into the hub of the clutch. The gear 191 is held against theshoulder or flange 186 and is spaced from the gear 190 by the pins 196passed through apertures in the hub of the clutch and arrangedinadirection parallel to the axis thereof. Connected to the pin 195,which, as has been stated, secured to the clutch, there is a rod 197placed inside of the hollow shaft 182. This rod is similar to that at188, as previously described, and it is adapted to be movedlongitudinally to cause the clutching of the shaft 188 to the gear 190or the gear 191 to effect the rotation of the spindle either in onedirection or the other. As has been stated, the mechanism for movingthese rods is similar, so that by describing that utilized for operatingthe rod 197 it will suffice for the other likewise.

In Fig. 17 the rod 197 is shown as being hollow at its extreme end toreceive a longi tudinally-slidable pin 198, splined within the rod by aspline 199. This pin is connected to areversingcontroller 200, whichconsists of a lever fulcrumed on a bracket 201, as shown in Fig. 1. Byswinging the lever in one direction or the other the pin 198 is movedlongitudinally within the rod 197. Screwed upon the shaft 182 are twoabutments 202 203, socketed to receive the ends of two dogs 204:, whichare oppositely arranged so that one dog bears against the abutment 202and the other bears against the abutment 203. These abutments are heldsecurely against longitudinal movement by collars 205 and set-screws206. The dogs project through slots in the shaft 182 and the rod 197, sothat their inner ends bear against the pin 198, which is formed withcam-shoulders 207 207. Each dog 204 bears at one end against theabutment 203 and is cam-shaped at its other end, so as to bear againstthe end of the slot in therod 197. as shown in Fig. 17, one dog 204 isthrust outward, and by reason of its location, as described, the rod 197is thrust to the right by a cam action of the end of the dog thereon. Bymoving the pin 198 to the left the cam-shoulder 207 will engage the camend of the other dog and thrust it outward, the first-mentioned dogdropping to an inactive position. This effects a movement of the rod197'in the opposite direction. Therefore an oscillation of the lever 200in one direction or the other effects the clutching of the shaft 182 tothe spindle 126, so as to rotate it either in one direction or theother.

Bl/(JZ' mw'mp 'lhe shaft 182 is provided with a fifth gear, which isindicated at 210 and which is adapted to be driven through the medium ofthe back-gear shaft 211. (See Figs. 11, 15, 35, and The back-gear shaftis in substantially the same horizontal plane as the reversing-shaft193, as shown in said figures. It is provided with a pinion 21 1, whichintermeshes with and drives said gear 210, and said shaft is rotated"from the shaft 150 by a train of gears comprising a pinion 213, pinnedto the shaft 150, an idler-gear 2131, loose on a stud-shaft 21b2,projecting inwardly from one of the supports, and a large gear 212 onthe shaft 211. In view of this construction the gear 210 is rotated solong as the shaft 150 is actuated. By virtue of this construction thegear 210 is rotated constantly so long as the shaft 150 is actuated.

A ratchet-clutch is utilized for connecting the gear 210 with the shaft182. This clutch mechanism is automatic, as illustrated in de- Now bymovingthe pin 198 to the right,

tail in Figs. 33 and 34. It includes a wheel 215, keyed to the shaft andhaving on its rim a ratchet 216, which extends under the rim of thewheel 210. The rim of the wheel 210 is socketed at 217 for the receptionof a pawl 218, said pawl having a rounding end adapted to fit in therounded end of the socket 217. To the inner edge of the pawl is secureda friction-plate 219,which extends into the space between the ratchet216 and the inner face of the gear 210. hen the ratchet 216 is rotatingmore rapidly than the gear 210, this friction-plate by its connectionwith the pawl throws the pawl into the dotted position in Fig. 16"; butwhen the speed of the ratchet is less than that of the gear 210 the saidfriction-plate causes the ratchet to be thrown outward to the full-lineposition in the last-mentioned figure by reason of the frictionalengagement of said plate with the inner face of the ratchet 216. Aspring 220 insures the frictional engagement of the plate with the innerface of the ratchet. The advantage of this construction over theordinary lazy-pawl arrangement in which the pawl is adapted to engagethe ratchet is that when the ratchet is driven at a higher rate of speedthan the speed of rotation of the gear the pawl is antomatically movedout of engagement with the teeth, so as to preventits clatter-ingthereon. In order that the back gear may be effective, the double clutch184, hereinbefore described,(see Fig. 16,)should be in a neutralposition, with the pin 198 (see Fig. 17) halfway between its limits ofmovement and with both dogs 204C inactive. This neutral posi tion of theclutch 184 would, if the back gear mechanism Were not provided, permit acessation of rotation of the shaft 182; but inasmuch as the gear 210 isconstantly rotated from the shaft 150 the movement of the double clutch184 to neutral position simply permits the ratchet-wheel 215 to slowdown until it is picked up by the pawl and caused to rotate at a slowspeed synchronously with the gear 210. Therefore the clutch 181 may bedenominated the baclcgear clutch, and the controller-lcver 189 may betermed the backgear controller. The back gear performs the usualfunction of effecting the rotation of the spindle at a reduced speed andwith correspondingly greater power; but inasmuch as the shaft 150 may bedriven at any one of six speeds, as hereinbefore stated, it is evidentthat by throwing in the back gear the shaft 182 may be driven at sixrelatively slower speeds or at any one of eighteen speeds in all. Eachpair of inter-meshing gears on the two shafts 122 150 may be termed acouple of rotation, and it will be observed that of two adjacent couplesof rotation the corresponding members of said couples are respectivelyfixed to and loose on the shafts, so that one member of each couple isloose on its shaft and the other member is fast on its shaft.

ln connection with this arrangement it is possible, by means of thecontrolling mechanism, to alternately and positively cl uteh thecorresponding members of the couples, whereby the member which is faston the driving-shaft actuates the member which is fast on the drivenshaft through the medium of either member of the same couple or thecorresponding member of the other couple. It may be stated that themembers of the couples of rotation are alternately fast and loose on theprimary driving-shaft and the secondary driving-shaft. The advantage ofa construction of this characteris unquestionably apparent to thoseskilled in the art to which this invention relates. vIt is possible forthe operator to drive the spindle at practically any speed that may bedesired.

The entire specd-varying mechanism is mounted in the head, which isshallow and pan-shaped, so that the gearing is all located in the samehorizontal plane, and the head movable on the ways, so as to traversethe work-carrying spindle relatively to the tools. The differentialgearing is particularly designed for the lathe and is exceedinglycompact.

One of the most important features of the present invention is thetransversely-movable spindle. In my previous patent, No. 635,888, thereis shown a latcrallymovable workholder, which there takes the form of aplate. This plate requires controlling-gibs at its periphery, making itnecessary to rotate it at slow speeds, such as used in turning work of alarge diameter. It is mounted in a frame or head, which in turn issupported by a special form of bed which afl'ords guides, one arrangedabove and the other below the axis of rotation of said plate. The end ofthe bed extends upward to furnish a firm backing for the head or frame.This type of bed and head makes impracticable the use of a long spindle,which depends for its stability on two separated bearings relativelynear its ends.

The present invention has for one of its objects to provide an improvedlathe having a transversely-movable work-holder, in which thework-holder may be rotated at the high speeds that are considered ashighly desirable in modern machine-shop practice. In attaining thisobject 1 have provided in lieu of the work-holding plate a relativelylong spindle with separated bearings or bearings at or near its ends,and this necessitates a change in the bed and head structures to enablethem to maintain a stable control and make possible the lateral feedingwithout change in the direction of the axis of the work. The guides forthe head were therefore in the embodi ment of the invention hereinillustrated both arranged substantially below the spindlebearings.

So far asI am aware, 1 am the first to have provided a metal-turningmachine or lathe having a transversely-movable spindle which maintainsthe same axial direction of the work at all points in its feed.Hereto'fore it has always been considered by tool-builders that the headcarrying the spindle should be rigid with the bed and that the toolalone should be moved. This involved placing one tool-slide uponanother, so that the tool could be moved both longitudinally andlaterallyrelatively of the work, the imposition of the cross-slide uponthe sliding carriage making the entire structure frail. I. have found itto be simple and more practical to mount he tool on a single slide andto obtain the transverse motion by sliding the head, thus securing theideallyproportioned slides in each case and providing the two necessarymotions or lon gitudinal and lateral feed for turning and facing. 1n thepresent invention, inaddition, I have made it possible to secure theadvantages of the two slides, one longitudinally movable to carry thetool and the other transversely movable to carry the work, and at thesame time those ad vantages which accrue from the use of a spindle inwork requiring high speed.

I. do not herein claim the differential gearing fir/2w, as it forms thesubiectanatter of a copending application, Serial No. QZshSGS, iiledSeptember 17, 1904.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described a way ofconstructing and using the same, although without attempting to setforth all of the forms in which ing, a driving-shaft, and differentialgearing interposed between said shaft and said spindle, all arranged insubstantially the same horizontal plane.

3. .ln a metal-working lathe, a head-stock comprising a shallowpan-shaped casing which forms a receptacle for lubricant and a removablecover for said casing, in combination with a spindle and dilii'erentialgearing therefor journaled in said head-stock and arranged to bepartially immersed'in said lubricant.

4:. In a metal-working lathe, a work-carryin g spindle, a power-shaftparallel therewith rotatable at a constant speed, and differentialgearing interposed between said spindle and said shaft, all disposed insubstantially the same horizontal plane, in combination with a

